铁路沿线可燃重气储罐最小隔离区域划分探讨

Discussion on minimum isolation areas of combustible heavy gas storage tank for chemical industries along railways

为保护铁路线,以某化工厂距离高铁路线最近的丙烯球罐为例,提出丙烯球罐泄漏最小隔离区域划分方法以及2种保护高铁线路方案,利用重气扩散模型和定量风险评价(QRA)软件分别进行丙烯扩散模拟、爆炸模拟,并进行危险与可操作性分析(HAZOP)和保护层分析(LOPA)。结果表明:球罐发生泄漏及火灾爆炸等事故,会给附近铁路线带来严重破坏;丙烯泄漏或球罐因周围其他设备设施或可燃物质着火而温度升高时,保护措施不足;隧道的安全可靠性要高于仅设1道防爆墙,隧道长度需覆盖最小隔离区域的可及范围,在扩散区域内也需设立普通挡墙,在极度危险情况下,需要实施高铁停开等保护措施。

In order to protect the railway,taking a propylene spherical tank in a chemical plant which was closest to the nearby high-speed railway as an example,a method for dividing the minimum isolation areas of propylene spherical tank leakage was proposed,and two possible schemes for protecting the high-speed railway were put forward.The simulation of propylene diffusion and explosion were carried out by using the heavy gas diffusion model and the quantitative risk assessment(QRA)software respectively,and the hazard and operability analysis(HAZOP)and protective layer analysis(LOPA)were conducted.The results showed that the leakage,fire and explosion accidents of spherical tank would cause serious damage to the nearby railway.The protection measures were inadequate when the temperature of the tank increased due to the ignition of surrounding equipments or combustible materials,or the leakage of propylene.The safety and reliability of the tunnel were higher than those of only setting an explosion-proof wall.The length of tunnel should cover the reachable range of the minimum isolation areas,and the general protection wall should be built in the diffusion area.Under the extremely dangerous conditions,the protection measures such as stopping the high-speed trains should be implemented.