近代外国人在安多藏区考察述论

On the Foreigners’Exploration and Features in Amdo During Modern Times

19世纪下半叶,考察安多藏区成为欧美、日本各强国在亚洲内陆争夺战略要地的一个重要环节,尤其是英俄之间的"大博弈"。近代外国人在安多藏区的考察活动从人员国籍、考察动机、考察方式、考察路线到考察结果均有不同程度的转变。考察中后期,日本与德国的考察兴趣日益凸显。本文通过发掘和利用新档案,旨在梳理近代外国人在安多藏区考察活动的整体情况及各个面相,试图展现近代西方各强国如何通过一系列的探险考察活动对中国西部边疆地区进行争夺与博弈的过程。

In the last half of the 19 th century,exploring Amdo Tibetan area became an important step for the major world powers to scramble for strategic area in Inner Asia,especially for the Great game between Britain and Russia.The exploration of foreigners in Amdo Tibetan areas varied in nationality of the explorers,motivation,methods,routes to results.In later periods,Japan and Germany were increasingly interested in exploring activities.This paper aims to review the overall situation of foreigners’exploration in Amdo Tibetan area by using new archives,showing how the western powers fight for and play games with each other in China’s western frontier through a series of investigation.