职场性骚扰的用人单位责任——从《民法典》第1010条展开

Employer Liability for Sexual Harassment in the Workplace:Expanding on Art.1010 of the Civil Code

被誉为"社会生活的百科全书"的《民法典》已于2020年5月通过,并将于2021年1月正式实施。《民法典》第1010条在现有相关法律法规基础上对性骚扰问题进行了更为详细的规定,具有十分重要的意义。不足之处在于,《民法典》第1010条未能突出强调民事法律规范对职场性骚扰的规制作用,尤其是未能突出用人单位责任机制在职场性骚扰防治中的作用。应以职场性骚扰的本质特征为出发点,基于用人单位与性骚扰行为人之间的关系以及用人单位担负的职场保护责任,明确职场性骚扰用人单位责任的性质与构成要件,从而更好地发挥用人单位在预防、治理和消除职场性骚扰方面的重要作用。

The Civil Code,known as the"encyclopedia of society",was passed in May 2020 and will be formally implemented in January2021.It is significant that Article 1010 of the Civil Code has included more detailed provisions on sexual harassment.However,Article1010 fails to highlight the regulatory role of civil legal norms on workplace sexual harassment,especially the role of the employer liability mechanism in preventing workplace sexual harassment.It would have been more potent had the Civil Code taken the essential characteristics of workplace sexual harassment as the starting point,to clarify the nature and components of the employer liability based on the relationship between the employer and the perpetrator of sexual harassment.This way better ensures that the employer plays an important role in the prevention,governance and elimination of workplace sexual harassment.