输油站离心泵启泵前放空原油降低损耗的方法

Method for reducing loss of crude oil during venting before starting centrifugal pump in oil transportation station

放空排气是离心泵启泵前必不可少的操作步骤,离心泵在放空排气的过程中易出现油污喷溅、污油槽内污油及放空原油损耗量过大的问题。以新疆塔石管道某输油站为例,通过对其生产运行实际情况进行分析,得出放空原油损耗量过大的主要原因是排污导油槽深度过浅且长度过长、放空管道内含有气泡。调研了国内外离心泵启泵放空排气现状,依据离心泵的启动步骤及注意事项,基于该输油站现场实际情况,提出了改进措施:采用加装三通漏斗的方式可解决污油槽深度过浅且长度过长而造成的原油损耗;通过将放空管道的位置由离心泵侧方移至其后方(移动长度约47 cm),并将其与三通漏斗连接,能够避免因放空管道内存在气泡而造成的原油喷溅。经过实例验证表明,该方法可以有效降低离心泵启泵前放空原油的损耗,放空原油的单次损耗量由79 g降为0。改进措施操作简单、安全,可以满足现场实际需求,对优化及提高离心泵的整体性能具有重要的现实意义。(图3,表5,参20)

Venting is an essential operation step before starting the centrifugal pump.During the process of venting,the centrifugal pump faces the problems of oil splash,slop oil in the slop tank and excessive loss of crude oil during venting.Through the analysis on the actual production and operation of one oil transportation station in Xinjiang Tarim-Shihezi Pipeline,it is concluded that the main causes of the excessive crude oil loss during venting attribute to the excessively shallow and overlong guide oil tank for draining,and the air bubbles in the vent pipeline.Based on the investigation on venting of centrifugal pumps before pump starting in China and abroad,the following improvement measures were proposed according to the starting steps,precautions and the actual situation of the oil transportation station.The additional three-way funnel can be used to cope with the crude oil loss caused by the excessively shallow and overlong tank.The vent pipeline can be moved from the side of the centrifugal pump to the rear(the moving distance of about 47 cm)and connected with the three-way funnel to avoid crude oil splashing caused by bubbles in the vent pipeline.The practice shows that this method can effectively reduce the loss of crude oil during venting before starting the centrifugal pump,and the single loss of crude oil during venting declines from 79 g to 0.The improvement measures are simple and safe for operation and capable of meeting the actual needs of the site,so they are supposed to provide important practical significance for optimizing and improving the overall performance of the centrifugal pump.(3 Figures,5 Tables,20 References)