汉语集合性谓词累积指称性质考察

On Cumulative Reference Property of Collective Predicates in Mandarin Chinese:

本文考察汉语集合性谓词的累积指称性质。谓词的累积指称性质是指当具有谓词所指属性的成员累积起来后,其累积后的成员仍然处在谓语所对应的外延中。集合性谓词因其对事件主体复数性的要求,在构成累积表达时,其表现较分配性谓词要复杂。本文在讨论累积性的实质和集合性事件的累积表达与单数还原的基础上,首先观察汉语集合性谓词各个小类累积指称性的表现,然后主要从词义本身,并从谓词相关搭配成分方面分析影响集合性谓词累积指称性的因素。本文指出开放的关系、数量的表达、相同的时空性,事件的强殊指性等多种因素都能阻碍集合性谓词的累积指称性的形成。而这些因素阻碍集合性谓词累积指称性的主要作用机制,就在于它们能促成集合性事件的表达。

This paper explores the cumulative reference property(henceforth CRP)of collective predicates in Mandarin Chinese.CRP of predicates is such a property that when the entities that have the property denoted by the predicate are cumulated,the resulting set(or sum)of the entities is still in the extension of the predicate.Due to the requirement of plural entities as agents of collective events,collective predicates display a complex CRP compared with distributive ones.This paper,after discussing what is CRP of predicates,what CRP of collective predicates means and how cumulative expressions of collective predicates are reduced to singular events,thoroughly observes the CRP of subtypes of col-lective predicates in Mandarin Chinese.Through probing into the lexical meaning and the.co-occurring elements of collective predicates within VP,the paper analyzes several factors which influence the CRP of collective predicates.The CRP-blocking factors are various,including open relations denoted by the collective predicates,numerals co-occurring with the predicates,identical special-temporal properties of the entities,strong specificity of the events denoted by the VP,etc.,which block CRP of collective predicates because of their ability to trigger collective events.