科学传播中的意识形态变迁——基于美国人工智能报道的文本分析

Ideology in Science Communication:Analyzing American News Reports on AI

随着科学传播在国际社会受到重视,大众传媒在科学传播中的重要作用日益凸显。研究表明,科技报道直接影响人们对新兴科学技术的认知和支持,因此,科技新闻如何塑造和呈现科学技术成为科学传播的重要议题。本文以美国人工智能报道为例,探讨科技新闻报道口径是否受社会意识形态影响,以及这种影响如何变迁。使用自然语言处理方法对美国1980年至2017年的5000条人工智能新闻标题进行分析后发现,美国媒体对人工智能的报道受到意识形态影响,在1980年至2017年间呈现出从保守主义趋向到自由主义趋向的变化。受保守主义影响的报道主要关注人工智能的缺点和给社会带来的潜在威胁,受自由主义影响的报道主要关注人工智能的先进性。

Mass media has played a significant role in science communication.Empirical evidence shows that science news has direct influence on public perception and support of science and new technologies.Hence,how news media portrays science and technology is an important topic in science communication.Based on an analysis of American AI news,this study investigates how ideologies affect news report on AI.The sample includes more than 5000 AI news titles published from 1980 to 2017 in US.Results show that liberalism seems to have an increasing impact on AI news in US.The interpretations and influences of the findings are discussed.