人工智能时代机器人执法的理念、风险与规制

Concept,risk and regulation of robot law enforcement in the era of artificial intelligence

人工智能时代的到来使行政主体运用智能化机器和系统从事行政活动成为可能,其中机器人在行政执法中的运用尤其引人关注。在弱人工智能时代,执法机器人已经广泛运用于行政执法的各个环节,但其仅属于行政机关辅助执法的工具和手段。展望强人工智能时代,人工智能机器人或将具备独立进行行政执法的能力和权力,并能够承担相应的法律责任。机器人执法有利于提高行政效率、保证行政行为的公正性,但也面临着执法结果不公正、机器人算法设定不透明、行政职能弱化等法律风险。只有通过补强法律依据、保障相对人权利、厘清机器人定位、打破机器人算法歧视等方式,才能对机器人执法行为进行有效规制。

The advent of the era of artificial intelligence makes it possible for administrative subjects to use intelligent machines and systems to engage in administrative activities.Among them,the use of robots in administrative law enforcement is particularly concerned.In the era of weak artificial intelligence,law enforcement robots have been widely used in all aspects of administrative law enforcement,but they are only tools and methods for administrative agencies to assist law enforcement.Looking forward to the era of strong artificial intelligence,artificial intelligence robots may have the ability and power to independently carry out administrative law enforcement,and can assume corresponding legal responsibilities.Robot law enforcement is conducive to improving administrative efficiency and ensuring the fairness of administrative actions,but it also faces legal risks such as unfair law enforcement results,opaque robot algorithm settings and weakened administrative functions.Only by strengthening the legal basis,protecting the rights of the counterpart,clarifying the positioning of the robot and breaking the discrimination of the robot algorithm,can the law enforcement behavior of robots be effectively regulated.