发酵豆粕和发酵花生粕对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料效率及免疫力的影响

Effects of fermented soybean meal and fermented peanut meal on growth performance, feed efficiency and immunity of Penaeus vannamei

为研究发酵豆粕和发酵花生粕对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料效率及免疫力的影响,试验采用单因素试验设计,分为4个处理,其中处理1组为花生粕组,处理2组为添加去皮豆粕7%,处理3组为添加发酵豆粕3%,处理4组为添加发酵花生粕3%,调整花生粕和米糠粕添加比例配制4组试验饲料。挑选初始体质量为(2.2±0.1) g的凡纳滨对虾80000尾,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复4000尾,在室内流水养殖系统进行为期67 d的养殖试验,养殖池面积17 m2/个。然后对生长、存活率、消化及免疫相关酶等指标进行测定。结果表明:发酵花生粕组质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于花生粕组162.26、0.43个百分点(P<0.05);发酵花生粕组饲料转化率显著高于花生粕组20.59个百分点(P<0.05),发酵豆粕组饲料转化率显著高于花生粕组7.73个百分点(P<0.05),而与去皮豆粕组无显著性差异(P>0.05);发酵花生粕组成活率与去皮豆粕组和发酵豆粕组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于花生粕组19.92个百分点(P<0.05);发酵花生粕组胰蛋白酶活性与发酵豆粕组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于花生粕组2047.21 U/mg prot(P<0.05);发酵花生粕组超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力及多酚氧化酶活性高于其他各试验组,但各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);发酵花生粕组和发酵豆粕组溶菌酶活性高于其他两组,但各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);发酵花生粕组碱性磷酸酶活性显著低于花生粕组157.88 U/g prot(P<0.05),但与其他各试验组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05);发酵花生粕组酸性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶活性低于花生粕组54.81、0.17U/g prot(P>0.05)。综上所述,本次试验条件下,饲料中添加发酵原料能改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料效率及免疫力,且发酵花生粕效果优于发酵豆粕。

A 67-day single factor feeding trial was conducted to investgate the effects of fermented soybean meal and fermented peanut meal on growth performance, feed efficiency and immunity of Penaeus vannamei. Different feeds of 4 test groups were prepared:comparing to the peanut meal diet(PM),7%dehulled soybean meal(DSM),3% fermented soybean meal(FSM),3% fermented peanut meal(FPM). 80000 P. vannamei with body weight of(2.2 ±0.1)g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 4000 per replicate. The results showed that:the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the FPM group were 162.26,0.43 percent higher than that of the PM group(P<0.05);The feed efficiency ratio of the FPM group were 20.59 percent higher than that of the PM group(P<0.05), and the feed efficiency ratio of FSM group was 7.73 percent higher than that of PM group(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference from the DSM group(P>0.05);The survival rate of the FPM group were no significant difference between the DSM group and FSM group, but 19.92 percent higher than that of the PM group(P<0.05);There was no significant difference between the trypsin activity of the FPM group and the FSM group(P>0.05), but it was significantly 2047.21 U/mg prot higher than that of the PM group;The activities of superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and polyphenol oxidase in the FPM group were higher than those in the other experimental groups, but the differences were not significant(P>0.05);The lysozyme activity of the FPM group and the FSM group was higher than the other two groups, but there was no significant difference between the experimental groups(P>0.05);The alkaline phosphatase activity of the FPM group was significantly 157.88 U/g prot lower than that of the PM group at(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference with other test groups(P>0.05);The activities of acid phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase in the FPM group were 54.81 U/gprot and 0.17 U/g prot lower than those in the PM group(P >0.05).In conclusion, under the conditions of this experiment, the addition of fermentation material to the feed could improve the growth performance, feed efficiency and immunity of Penaeus vannamei,and the effect of FPM was better than that of FSM.