不同气动布局轰炸机电磁隐身性能对比研究

Comparative Study on Electromagnetic Stealth Performance of Bombers with Different Aerodynamic Layouts

轰炸机是重要的空中武装力量,为研究其电磁隐身性能,以美军B-52、B-1B、B-2及概念机B-3为对象,分别建立了不同气动布局的轰炸机电磁模型A、B、C、D,基于物理光学法计算了不同状态的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS)曲线及各角域均值。结果表明:RCS曲线的分布特征与轰炸机气动布局、重要结构部件相关,同状态下A、B、C、D曲线依次向内收缩;频率增加时,布局A的RCS曲线变化较小而D曲线内陷,前向角域上布局B、C、D的RCS均值逐渐减小,后向角域上布局C、D逐渐减小;俯仰角对布局A散射曲线影响较大,其前后向峰值减小变窄,布局A的RCS均值较高,B、C、D较低,具有较好隐身性;布局A隐身性较差,B有提高,C、D具有优秀隐身性能。

The bomber is one type of important air force. In order to study its electromagnetic stealth performance, the electromagnetic bomber models named with A, B, C and D were established respectively based on the US military B-52, B-1 B, B-2, and concept aircraft B-3. And their radar cross section(RCS) curves and mean values in different angular domains with different status were calculated by Physical Optics method. The results show that the distribution characteristics of RCS curves are related to the aerodynamic layout and important structural components of bombers. The RCS curves of Model A, B, C, and D demonstrate same state shrink inward in sequence. When the frequency increases, the RCS curve of Model A changes little while the curve of Model D towards inside. Meanwhile, the RCS mean values in nose direction of Model B, C, and D gradually decrease, and the values of Model C and D in rear angular domain gradually decrease. The pitch angle has a greater influence on the scattering curve of Model A, and its peak values in nose and rear direction decrease, and its peak becomes narrower. Moreover, the RCS mean value of Model A is higher, and Model B, C, and D’s values are smaller indicating they possess better stealth performance. In summary, Model A has poor stealth, Model B possesses better stealth, and Model C and D have excellent stealth performance.