章太炎对文学家鲁迅及《狂人日记》的深度影响

Zhang Taiyan’s Deep Influence on The Diary of a Madman and the Writer Lu Xun

近世以来,西学东渐,逐步形成融会之势。在融会中西学术思想的基础上加以超越,寓世界文明建设于中国建设,是近世以来中国学术思想的一大潮流。章太炎的文明批判与礼教批判对于鲁迅早期思想的影响很大,归国后的鲁迅仍然延续着对章太炎的学习。通由章太炎,鲁迅大量接触释、庄思想,这使得鲁迅得以实现转识成智并以文学的方式把握世界。所谓以文学的方式把握世界,即不通过条分缕析去说教,而是通过智慧领域的诗与寓言加以暗示,将道理寓于艺术形象之中去启迪人,使人自悟,从而获得属于自己的"作圣之功"。从章太炎与鲁迅的案例里可以发现,以鲁迅为代表的五四新文化运动并不是一场冒失的、突然的运动,也并不是一场仅仅局限在中国的运动,它是一大批前代思想家对于世界文明作出总结反思之后的思想结晶。

Since the modern era,the eastward spreading of western learning has witnessed the melting trend.It has been a great trend of Chinese academic thought since modern times to go beyond it on the basis of integrating Chinese and Western academic thought and to integrate the construction of world civilization into the construction of China.Zhang Taiyan’s criticism of civilization and ethical code had a great influence on Lu Xun’s early thoughts.Lu Xun continued his study of Zhang Taiyan after returning home.Through Zhang Taiyan,Lu Xun had a lot of contact with the thoughts of Buddhism and Zhuangzi,which enabled Lu Xun to realize the transformation of knowledge into wisdom and grasp the world in the way of literature.To grasp the world in a literary way means to enlighten people through artistic images rather than preaching in a systematic way,but by hinting at them through poems and fables in the field of wisdom.In this way,the truth can enlighten people and make them realize themselves,so as to achieve their own wisdom.From the case of Zhang Taiyan and Lu Xun,it can be found that the May Fourth Movement represented by Lu Xun was not a rash and sudden movement,nor was it a movement confined to China only.It was the ideological crystallization of a large number of previous thinkers after summarizing and reflecting on world civilization.