谁之权力?何种合法性?——教师权力的历史建构及其理论反思

Whose Power and Which Legitimacy?——The Historical Construction of Teacher's Power and Its Theoretical Reflection

探寻教师权力是"谁之权力"的过程,其包含了从古代作为依附性的"长老权力"到夸美纽斯对班级授课制的系统论述,再到近现代制度化学校教育开启所建构权力的若干传统资源,进而反思与追问教师权力究竟是基于"何种合法性"而产生异化的理论问题。文章主要以儿童原罪说的思想、主体性哲学的发展以及制度化学校教育等为理念基础,筑建了教师权力异化的价值进路。也正是基于此,才进一步造成现代教师权力对儿童自由的控制、发展的塑造和个性的压制等问题。因此,教师权力只有作为以维护儿童发展的指导性力量而存在,才能获得其自身的长足发展。

The process of exploring teachers'power is"whose power",which includes from the ancient as a dependent of the"paternalism"to the discussion of the Comenius'systematic discussion on the class teaching system,and to the construction of modern institutionalized school education has opened up some traditional resources.And then rethink profoundly and pressed about teachers'power is generated based on theoretical issues of alienation"which legitimacy".It is mainly based on the idea of children's original sin theory,the development of subjective philosophy,and the theoretical foundation of institutionalized school education,etc.,whichjointly build the value path of alienation of teachers'power.Exactly on this basis,modern teachers'power has caused the malignant results of controlling children's freedom,shaping development and suppressing personality.Therefore,only when teacher's power exists as a guiding force to maintain the development of children,it can achieve significant development.