常规公交线路发车间隔及车型配置优化

Study on optimization of departure interval and vehicle type configuration of regular bus lines

为解决单车型运营模式下运力资源浪费、车内过度拥挤等问题,提出混合车型运营模式下的常规公交线路发车间隔及车型配置优化方法.考虑不同车型容量限制,面向时变的客流需求,同时考虑公交企业运营成本及乘客出行成本两个优化目标,建立同步优化发车间隔和车型配置的多目标优化模型,并结合枚举法和带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ算法)求解模型.通过算例分析,给出了公交线路发车间隔及车型配置方案帕累托最优集,与现状运行方案及单车型下的发车间隔优化方法进行比较,验证了本方法的有效性;同时基于服务水平分析了两个目标的权衡对优化方案选择的影响,为公交运输组织提供针对性的服务建议.

To avoid capacity waste and in-vehicle overcrowding under single-vehicle-type operation scheme,a method is proposed to optimize the departure interval and vehicle type configuration of regular bus lines.Considering the vehicle capacities of different vehicle types,aiming at minimizing travel cost for passengers and operating cost for providers,a multi-objective optimization model for the departure interval and vehicle type configuration is established based on the time-varying passenger flow.Enumeration and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm with elite strategy(NSGA-Ⅱ)are combined to solve the model.By analysis of examples,the Pareto optimal set of the departure interval and vehicle type configuration is given.The proposed method is proved to have better performance by comparative analysis on the current operation scheme and the optimized single-vehicle-type operation scheme.Additionally,the trade-off between two objectives is analyzed based on Level of Service(LOS),which provides specific reference for the operation of urban bus system.