陕西省早春茬番茄定植时间与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生的关系

Relationship between planting time of early spring tomato and occurrence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease in Shaanxi province

为了明确早春茬番茄定植时间与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生的关系,采取小区对比试验对不同定植时间下番茄上烟粉虱种群消长动态、番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发病株率、发病程度及番茄产量和经济效益等进行了系统调查。结果表明:番茄田烟粉虱种群消长动态在年度间基本相同,4月上旬始见,5月中旬达到高峰,烟粉虱发生后15 d左右出现番茄黄化曲叶病毒病症状。4月上旬以前定植番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生较轻,单位面积产量和经济效益较高,4月上旬以后定植发病较重,产量和经济效益较低。定植时间(X1)与番茄黄化曲叶病毒发病株率(Y1)及病情指数(Y2)均呈显著正相关,其相关关系为Y1=1.4704X1+7.9472,Y2=0.8767X1-6.4417。生产实践中采取双膜或三膜覆盖栽培等措施适当提早定植,避免番茄感病期与烟粉虱发生高峰期相遇,在不使用任何防治措施下,可有效预防番茄黄化曲叶病毒病暴发成灾。

In order to clarify the relationship between the planting time of early spring tomato and the occurrence of tomato yellow curl virus disease,we systematically investigated population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci,tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease incidence,disease level,tomato yield and economic benefit in different planting stages through field plot comparison test.The results showed that the population dynamics of B.tabaci in tomato fields were basically the same during the year.B.tabaci began to occur in early April and peaked in mid-May,and the symptoms of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease appeared about 15 days after the occurrence of B.tabaci.When the tomato was planted before early April,the occurrence of tomato yellow curl virus disease was mild,yield and economic benefits were higher,while planted after early April,the disease was more serious,the yield and economic benefits were lower.There was a significant positive correlation between the planting date(X1)and the incidence(Y1)and disease index(Y2)of tomato yellow curl leaf virus.The correlation is as follows:Y1=1.4704X1+7.9472,Y2=0.8767X1-6.4417.In the production practice,the two-mode or three-mode mulching cultivation should be adopted for early planting,so as to avoid the meeting between tomato disease stage and peak period of B.tabaci.These measures can effectively prevent the outbreak of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease without any control measures.