美德统一性问题研究

A Study of the Unity of Virtues

亚里士多德在美德问题上坚持强统一论观点,认为行为者对美德的拥有是一种全有或全无状态,并将这种统一归结为实践智慧在正确推理上的统一。这种强统一论观点面临着道德评价的严苛性、美德之间的不相容性以及实践中的不可能性等挑战。当代美德伦理学家所坚持的温和统一论试图从美德领域、程度和种类等方面对强统一论进行修正,使美德论更加符合道德实践。但是温和统一论者的这些修正存在相对主义、利己主义等问题,因此偏离了美德伦理学的目的论主旨。

Aristotle insists on a view of strong unity on the issue of virtues.He believes that the possession of virtues is an all-or-nothing state,and attribute this unity to the practical wisdom of correct reasoning.This strong unification view faces challenges such as the demandingness of moral evaluation,the incompatibility between virtues,and the impossibility in practice.The modern theory of unity insisted on by contemporary moral ethicists attempts to modify the theory of strong unity from the field,degree,and type of virtues,so that the theory of morality is more in line with moral practice.However,these amendments of moderate unitists have problems such as relativism and egoism,and thus deviate from the teleological purpose of virtue ethics.