第三方支付反垄断分析中相关服务市场的界定

Definition of Relevant Service Market in Anti-monopoly Analysis of Third\|party Payment

第三方支付行业正不断引发反垄断执法机构的竞争关注,其相关服务(产品)市场的界定作为反垄断分析的起点之一显得格外重要。然而,面对第三方支付服务的低价策略与网络外部性等特点,以价格作为变量的SSNIP测试法显得难以招架。至此,需着重考虑定性式需求替代分析法,从第三方支付所能满足的用户需求出发,结合线下线上两大应用场景,同时补充考量供给替代,以相对准确地界定第三方支付所涉及的相关服务市场。在线下场景中,相比于传统支付方式,网络支付、银行卡收单、预付卡等第三方支付方式更加快捷、安全,因此可以直接划为一个相关服务市场。在线上场景中,担保型第三方支付因其独特性而构成一个独立的相关服务市场,而通道型第三方支付与网银支付等线上非第三方支付方式另行构成一个相关服务市场。

The third-party payment industry is constantly arousing the competition attention of antitrust law enforcement agencies.As the starting point of anti-monopoly analysis,the definition of relevant service market is particularly important.However,facing the characteristics of low-cost strategy and network effect of third-party payment services,the SSNIP test fails.So far,much more attention should be paid to the qualitative demand substitution analysis method.Based on the function that third-party payment can provide to users,dividing application scenarios into offline and online,and also considering the supply substitution analysis,we can relatively accurately define the relevant service market of third-party payment.In offline scenario,network payment,bank card receipt and prepaid card are in a relevant service market due to their superiority in convenience and security over traditional means of payment.In online scenario,the guarantee type of third-party payment constitutes an independent relevant service market,while the channel type of third-party payment,online banking payment and other similar means of online payment,constitute another relevant service market.