日本民法注释的演变对中国的启示

Interpretation of Japanese Civil Code:Its Evolution and Enlightenment to China

民法典是推动国民经济发展的基本法律。由于民法典不仅涵盖的内容庞杂、术语专业、概念抽象,且伴随着现代社会的迅猛发展,各类新型纠纷层出不穷,条文规定的滞后在所难免,故法典诞生后需对其进行解释。在亚洲,日本堪称摸索司法制度健全化的先驱,《日本民法典》在诞生后的百余年间为维持社会经济的持续发展发挥了重要作用。在中国,《中华人民共和国民法典》已颁布,框架已成型,在对其进行注释时,同样以继受比较法经验为基础,并采用相同立法体系的《日本民法典》的解释学成果具有不可忽视的借鉴意义。通过以日本民法为比较对象,对其立法历程、解释学发展等进行简要梳理,并基于实证性分析,剖析存有争议条文的解释方法后,我们得出以下结论:第一,与日本相比,中国学者在进行民法典的注释研究时面临着更为严峻的困境;第二,展开注释工作时,学者们不仅需要留意对论述顺序进行统一,而且必须慎重选择具有典型意义的案例。

The Civil Code is the basic law governing the development of national economy.With the rapid development of modern society,various new types of disputes are emerging.And,inevi-table is the lagging behind in the provisions,due to the complex contents,professional termi-nology,and abstract concepts of the Civil Code.Therefore,the code needs to be explained after its establishment.In Asia,Japan can be known as a pioneer in exploring a sound judicial system,and its civil code has played an important role in sustaining social and economic development for more than 100 years after its appearance.The legislation of Chinese civil code has been completed.When annotating it,the hermeneutical achievements of Japanese Civil Code has great significance for reference,for it is also based on the experience of comparative law and adopts the same legislative system.Taking Japanese Civil Code as a comparative object and based on empirical analysis,this article briefly summarizes its legislative history anH hermeneutics development,and analyzes the interpretation methods of controversial provisions to draw the following conclusions.First,compared with the case in Japan,Chinese scholars are facing a severer dilemma in the study of annotations in the Civil Code.And,second,when carrying out the annotation work,scholars need to pay attention to unifying the order of discussions,and must carefully select cases with typical meanings.