泥石流松散固体物源研究进展与展望

Progress and Prospects of Research on Debris Flow Solid Source

泥石流形成的三大基本条件中,固体物源条件是泥石流研究最直观的对象,也是最容易研究但同时最难定量研究的对象。首次从物理机制角度讨论了泥石流固体物质的定义,并给出了度量方法;此外,对泥石流松散固体物质储量、动储量的调查手段与方法,固体物质冲出总量,以及固体物质起动临界深度模型的研究现状进行了梳理分析。结果表明:目前常应用于度量泥石流固体物质的指标——动储量及固体物质冲出总量等,其估算方法多是建立数学模型或是拟合公式,缺乏明晰物理机制,普适性和度量精度较低;基于目前存在的问题而提出的可移动固体物质概念则恰好规避这一问题,且现有的研究成果可为其度量方法的建立提供理论支撑。最后,探讨了泥石流固体物源未来研究可开展的工作:深入开展泥石流可移动固体物质物理力学机制判别方法研究;开展泥石流固体物源空间分布规律研究;开展泥石流固体物质岩土特性随时间的推移所呈现的演变规律研究。

Among the three basic conditions for debris flow formation,solid source conditions are the most intuitive object for studying debris flow,and also the easiest one to study but also the most difficult to quantify.The definition of debris flow solid matter was discussed for the first time from the perspective of physical mechanism,and the measurement method was given.In addition,the research status of the investigation and research methods of debris flow loose solid material storage and dynamic reserves,the total amount of solid matter washed out,and the critical depth discriminant model of solid matter start-up were combed and analyzed.The results show that most of the estimation methods of the indicators are mostly based on mathematical models or fitting formulas.These indicators are currently used to measure the solid matter of debris flow,such as dynamic reserves and total solids flushing.And those methods are lack of clear physical mechanism,with low universality and the measurement accuracy.The concept of movable solid matter proposed here just circumvents this problem,and the existing research results can provide theoretical support for the establishment of its measurement method.Finally,future research work of debris flow solid material can be conducted in following aspects,in-depth study on the identification method of movable solid matter from the perspective of physical mechanics,research on the spatial distribution of debris flow solid material or the evolution law study of the debris flow solid material geotechnical characteristics over time.