帛书《易传》君道思想研究——以《缪和》篇中的政治思想为例

A Study on the Ideology of Emperor in the Silk Manuscript Yi Zhuan:Taking the Political Thought in Miao He as An Example

《缪和》篇中的政治思想包含两部分内容:一是强调君主的谦下之德,以舜为例,强调谦德在取天下过程中的重要性,以大禹为例,强调“劳谦”的重要性;二是主张君主要有赏庆刑罚,目的是驱散群党,防止权臣的产生,维持良好的君臣关系。《缪和》篇认为只要君主谦卑待下,给予臣下相应的官爵和丰富的俸禄,那么臣下就会对自己尽忠。这是因为在战国的社会现实中,君臣之间失去了得以维系的天然纽带,君臣之间往往猜测,夹杂着复杂的利益关系,故不再单纯要求臣忠于君,同时也强调君主要给予臣下回报。

The political thought in Miao He contains two parts:one is to emphasize the emperor’s virtue of modesty,taking Shun as an example,emphasizing the importance of modesty in the process of taking over the world,and taking Dayu as an example,emphasizing the importance of“diligence and modesty”.The second is to advocate that the monarch mainly has the punishment of reward and celebration,the purpose of which is to disperse the party,prevent the emergence of power ministers and maintain a good relationship between the monarch and the subjects.According to the chapter of Miao he,as long as the monarch is humble and gives his subjects corresponding official titles and rich salaries,then his servants will be loyal to himself.This is because in the social reality of the Warring States period,the natural link between the monarch and his subjects was lost.They were often conjectured and mixed with complicated interest relations.Therefore,they no longer simply required the subjects to be loyal to the emperor,but also stressed that the monarch mainly gave rewards to his subordinates.