“宝玉”来源于“玉宝”——《红楼梦》神话与满族神话关系探究

Research on the Relationship Between the Myth of A Dream of Red Mansions and the Myth of Manchu

《红楼梦》是一部以表现现实生活为主要题材的小说,但却通过女娲补天神话的改写,把远古神话主题调动出来,给《红楼梦》建构了一个精神坐标。在改写的女娲补天神话中,曹雪芹依据满族《天宫大战》“玉宝”来源于“天母”阿布卡赫赫的神话,重新想象了“宝玉”来源于女娲补天神话,使改写的女娲补天神话具有了原型性的典型意义。在改写的补天神话中,通过炼石成玉把女娲、也包括“天母”阿布卡赫赫的补天原型熔铸到了“宝玉”之中,从而使来源于“宝玉”的贾宝玉具有了“补天”的思想文化精神。

A Dream of Red Mansions is a novel which focuses on the representation of real life.However,there is a theme of ancient myths by rewriting the story of a Goddess named Nv Wa,and a spiritual coordinate was constructed for A Dream of Red Mansions.In the revised sky repairing myth of Nv Wa,Cao Xueqin re-imagined that“Yubao”was based on the myth of Abu-Kahhe,the goddess of heaven in The war of Heavenly Palace of the Manchu people,and made the sky repairing myth of Nv Wa with typical archetypal significance.In the rewritten myth of mending the sky,Nv Wa and Abu-Kaheh’s prototype of mending the sky were melted into“Baoyu”by refining the stone into jade,so that Jia Baoyu,who came from"Baoyu",had the ideological and cultural spirit of“mending the sky”.