印度经济发展的现状与挑战

India’s Economy:Situation and Challenges

2020年新冠疫情席卷全球,印度作为重灾区之一,经济整体遭遇重创,复苏缓慢。然而,在疫情到来之前,印度经济发展就已遭遇瓶颈。首先,印度产业竞争力不强,制造业占比低;其次,印度消费结构中食品烟酒占比最高,有待升级;最后,印度经济增长缺乏有效信贷支撑,生产部门没有获得更加有效的资源配置。印度劳动力资源丰富,市场庞大,但如要释放其经济活力,仍有一些经济和社会问题亟待解决,包括劳动力素质较低,劳动法律冗杂,基建落后,保护主义严重,全球产业链参与程度低,官僚系统低效,营商环境不佳等。如考虑投资印度,企业应当趋利避害,关注结构性机会,特别是服务当地的消费市场和新经济领域,以及电子等行业的产业链配套。

India is one of the worst-hit economies during the sweeping Covid-19 pandemic.Yet it was facing bottlenecks even before the pandemic,notably a meagre share of manufacturing in the economy,a high percentage of food and other daily necessities in consumer spending and a lack of efficient credit.To unlock India’s potential characterized by a huge labor force and immense consumer market,the country must work to resolve a number of economic and social issues,including labor skill shortage,complex labor legislation,outdated infrastructure,protectionism,low particiption in the global value chain,bureaucratic inefficiency and unfavarable business environment.Any investment in India should focus on structural opportunities that serve the local consumere market,new economy or the burgeoning supply chain.