对华反倾销、反补贴与企业创新——基于我国上市制造业企业专利数据的实证分析

Anti-Dumping,Anti-Subsidy,and Enterprise Innovation--An Empirical Research based on the Patent Data of China’s Listed Manufacturing Enterprises

为探究其他国家和地区对华反倾销、反补贴对企业创新的影响以及企业异质性情况下对华反倾销、反补贴对企业创新影响的区别,基于2007—2018年国泰安数据库与中国商务部贸易救济调查局中国贸易救济信息网数据合并形成的微观企业数据,采用双重差分法进行实证分析。结果发现,从历年其他国家和地区对华反倾销、反补贴调查情况看,我国依然是其他国家和地区实施反倾销、反补贴调查的主要国家;其他国家和地区对华反倾销、反补贴调查强度的增加有助于提升我国制造业企业创新水平,从内在机制看,对华反倾销、反补贴调查会导致企业研发投入与专利申请数量的增加,且通过了稳健性检验;从企业属性和专利属性的异质性看,对华反倾销、反补贴主要影响上市主板企业专利数量,而这种影响也会受到企业专利申请类型的影响;其他国家和地区对华采取反倾销、反补贴措施后,相关行业的企业会通过提升负债水平来增加企业创新投入,生产更有市场竞争力的新产品,从而增加企业营业收入。鉴于此,在竞争日益激烈的全球贸易环境下,为避免贸易保护主义造成的不利影响,对政府而言,需要在合理利用对华反倾销、反补贴手段,遏制其他国家和地区对我国企业实施不合理贸易处罚的同时,考虑制造业企业异质性,不断改善非主板上市制造业企业创新环境,加大对研发投入成本高、周期长创新的扶持力度,提高我国制造业整体创新水平;对企业而言,需要在提升自身创新投入水平、摒弃赚热钱和快钱传统思维、努力提高企业创新意识与创新能力、改善企业原有经营方式的同时,主动加强对贸易国反倾销、反补贴法律相关知识的学习,防范和降低其他国家和地区贸易保护主义措施对企业的影响。

To explore the difference between the impact of anti-dumping,anti-subsidy on enterprise innovation and this impact in the context of enterprise heterogeneity,using the micro-enterprise data based on the merger of the CSMAR Listed Enterprise R&D Database and the“Ministry of Commerce China Trade Relief Network Data”from 2007 to 2018,the author carries out an empirical analysis with the help of DID method.It is found that:China is still the main country that suffered from anti-dumping and anti-subsidy;the intensity of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations by other countries will contribute to the improvement of innovation level of China’s manufacturing enterprises;from the perspective of internal mechanism,antidumping and anti-subsidy investigation will lead to the increase of enterprises’R&D investment and the number of patent applications,which pass through the robustness test;from the perspective of the heterogeneity of corporate and patent nature,anti-dumping and anti-subsidy mainly has impact on the patent number of main board listed enterprises,and the impact of antidumping and anti-subsidy on patent number will be affected by the type of patent;and after the anti-dumping and anti-subsidy,enterprises from related industries could increase their investment in innovation by increasing the level of debt to produce new products with more market competitiveness,which will in turn increase enterprises’income.Because of this,in the context of intensifying trade competition,to avoid the adverse impact brought by trade protectionism,the government should,while rationally taking advantage of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measure and opposing and containing the irrational trade penalty,consider the enterprises’heterogeneity,continuously improve the innovation environment of non-listed manufacturing enterprises,increase the support to innovation with higher R&D cost and longer time of period,and improve the overall innovation level of China’s manufacturing industry;and while improving their level of independent innovation,abandoning the traditional way of thinking,working hard to improve enterprises’awareness of innovation and capacity for innovation,and improving their original way of operation,the enterprises should reinforce learning related legal knowledge,and prevent and reduce the impact of other countries’trade protectionism on the enterprises.