社会政策的工具性作用:欧美福利国家的双维度改革标向

The Instrumental Role of Social Policy:Dual-dimensional Reform Goal of European and American Welfare States

社会政策是经济社会发展的工具,它的发展不仅与福利国家的经济发展进程密切相关,而且与人民福祉紧密相连,能够纠正市场化导致的社会不平等问题。在众多欧美福利国家中,经济与社会维度的发展并不是彼此孤立的,无论生产系统还是分配系统,二者的最终利益是一致的。欧美福利国家认识到有效的社会政策来自能否化解生产与分配系统的张力,有效平衡经济与社会的关系。欧美福利国家市场化改革主要集中在生产系统,在促进经济发展的同时,亦将社会不平等控制在一个可接受的范围。而在分配系统,政府扮演着利用凯恩斯政策管理国家经济能力的角色,为民众提供了基本的社会保障,从而使贫富差距维持在可控范围。但是其双维度改革也带来了一系列的衍生后果,主要包括:福利陷阱、抗争性斗争、阶级冲突、民粹主义思潮、与全球化趋势背离等问题。

Social policy functions as the tool for economic and social progress,and its development is not only closely related to the economic development process of welfare countries,but also closely concerning the wellbeing of the people,for it may correct social inequality caused by marketization. In many European and American welfare countries,economy and social dimensions connect closely in their development,and the ultimate interests of them in the production system or the distribution system are the same. European and American welfare countries realize that effective social policies come from whether they can resolve the tension between production and distribution system and effectively balance the relationship between economy and society. The marketization reform of European and American welfare countries mainly focuses on the production system. While promoting economic development,it also controls social inequality within an acceptable range. In the distribution system,the government plays the role of using Keynes policy to manage the national economic capacity,providing basic social security for the people,so as to maintain the gap between the rich and the poor in a controllable range. However,its dual-dimensional reform has also brought a series of consequences,including welfare trap,struggle,class conflict,populism,deviation from the trend of globalization,etc.