古代戏曲格律发凡

An Introduction to Ancient Opera’s Rhyme

中国的民族戏剧称之为戏曲,从观念到形态,经历了漫长的发展过程。戏曲的特质是什么?戏曲是运用脚色行当在一个完整的故事里摹拟人的社会生活,使美的东西得以充分体现,从而引起人们对美的追求。从根本上说,一种艺术的特征取决于以怎样的方式概括生活。戏曲的虚拟表现方法不是任意的,而要受生活逻辑与舞台逻辑两方面制约。古代戏曲的脚色、曲辞、科范、道白等,各有规定与范式,戏曲格律不仅包括"曲",也涵盖了这种表演艺术的方方面面。戏曲格律是由一系列表演程式构成的,它既使戏曲艺术获得了独特风貌,也蒙受了消极影响。

Chinese national drama is called opera. It has experienced a long process of development from concept to form. What are the characteristics of opera? Opera employs the persona to imitate human social life in a complete story,reflecting the beautiful completely and further triggering people to pursue beauty. Fundamentally speaking,the characteristics of a kind of arts depend on summarizing life in what way. The virtual expression method of traditional Chinese opera is not arbitrary,but restricted by life logic and stage logic. There are different rules and paradigms in the role of ancient opera,Qu Ci,Ke Fan,Dao Bai and so on. The traditional opera either includes " Qu",or covers all aspects of this performing art. The metrical pattern of traditional Chinese opera is composed of a series of performance programs,which not only makes the opera art unique,but also suffers from negative influence.