多边贸易体制改革:背景、性质及中国方略

Multilateral Trading System Reform:Background,Nature and China’s Strategy

第二次世界大战后建立起的多边贸易体制在较长时间内推动了全球贸易发展。但随着国际权力格局变迁,尤其是中国等广大发展中国家群体性崛起,多边贸易体系不再由发达国家完全主导,世界贸易组织成为发达国家和发展中国家进行博弈的重要平台,矛盾逐步凸显。本轮多边贸易体制改革的主要矛盾是发达国家成员与发展中国家成员之间的矛盾,矛盾的主要方面是中美规则竞争与博弈。在中美全面战略竞争的背景下,中美规则竞争在双边、区域、多边各层次渐次展开并相互影响。本文认为,中国应从百年未有之大变局的战略高度,从国内问题、外溢效应、权力分配、价值理念四个方面制定应对方略,以更大的勇气、更大的责任、更务实灵活的策略参与多边贸易体制改革。

The multilateral trading system established after the World War II has promoted the development of global trade for a long time,but with the changes of the international power structure,especially the mass rise of developing countries such as China,the multilateral trading system is no longer completely dominated by developed countries and has become an important platform for the gaming between developed and developing countries,with their contradictions becoming increasingly prominent.The main contradiction of this round of multilateral trading system reform is between developed and developing country members of the WTO,with the main aspect of the contradiction being the competition and gaming between China and the United States.In the context of comprehensive China-US strategic competition,the rule competition between China and the US has gradually developed and affected each other at bilateral,regional and multilateral levels.This article argues that China should view WTO reform from the strategic perspective of“great transformations unseen in a century”.It should formulate its response strategy from four aspects:domestic problems,spillover effects,power distribution,and values and concepts,and participate in multilateral trading mechanism reforms with greater courage,greater responsibility,and a more pragmatic and flexible strategy.