司法鉴定制度改革的十五年历程回顾与省察

Review and Inspection of the Fifteen-year’s Reform of Forensic Appraisal System

全国人大常委会颁布的具有里程碑意义的《关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》已实施15年之久,初步形成了统一的司法鉴定管理体制。随着司法改革的不断深化,司法鉴定制度改革也步入深水区,由于各种因素的影响和机制上的制约,原存的"重复鉴定""虚假鉴定"在实践中出现了变种和变异,对司法效率与司法公正产生了新的影响。这些新旧问题的解决不仅有赖于完善司法鉴定立法,提高司法鉴定的准入门槛,加强司法鉴定监管,还应在司法鉴定纳入公共法律服务体系下积极推进制度机制建设,强化司法鉴定公益属性并发挥其优势,不断促进司法鉴定行业管理与行政管理的科学结合及行政管理与诉讼管理的正确衔接。回顾其实施15年的历程,总结其经验,对进一步深化司法鉴定制度改革和提高司法鉴定的公信力具有重要的意义。

“Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on the Management of Forensic Appraisal”,a landmark decision promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress,has been implemented for 15 years,and a unified forensic appraisal administration system has initially been formed.With the deepening of judicial reform,the reform of forensic appraisal system has also entered into a key stage.Due to the influence of various factors and the constraint of mechanism,the variation of previously existed phenomena,such as repeated appraisal and false appraisal,has appeared in practice,which ha a new impact on judicial efficiency and judicial justice.The solution of these new and old problems not only depends on improving the legislation of forensic appraisal to heighten the threshold of entry and strengthen the supervision,but also depends on bringing the forensic appraisal system into the public legal service system to promote the construction of system and mechanism,strengthen the public welfare attribute of forensic appraisal to give full play to its advantages,and constantly promote the scientific combination of forensic appraisal industry management and administrative management,as well as the correct connection of administrative management and litigation management.It is of great significance for further deepening of the reform of forensic appraisal system and improvement of the credibility of forensic appraisal to reviewing its 15 years of implementation and to summarize the experience.