俄核动力巡航导弹剂量空间分布研究

Research on Dose Space Distribution of Russian Nuclear-Powered Cruise Missile

俄核动力巡航导弹消息发布后,其飞行期间放射性影响是关注的重点问题之一。俄方技术资料公布较少,依据美国核动力导弹TORYⅡ-C地面试验的测试数据,核动力发动机近距离处辐射剂量率很高;但是短时间的运行后,对试验场外环境的影响可以忽略。对于俄核动力巡航导弹飞行过程中反应堆中子、光子直接辐射的影响与空气活化的影响,可以设置合理的评估指标,依据GB 18871—2002建立分析方法进行计算评估。结果表明,空气活化产物的有效剂量贡献相对于中子、光子直接辐射的有效剂量贡献几乎可以忽略。对于推算的以5 MW反应堆为动力的俄巡航导弹,如果不考虑燃料裂变产物的泄漏,导弹从空中飞行一次形成的有效剂量,在与其飞行轨迹法向距离大于80 m的范围,将低于GB 18871—2002中50 mSv的工作人员年剂量限值。

After the announcement of Russian nuclear-powered cruise missile,one of the concerned questions is its radiation impact in flight.Technical information of Russian has rarely been published.Based on data of American nuclear-powered missile ground test TORYⅡ-C,it could be concluded that,radiation dose rate was very high near the nuclear-powered engine,but radiation impact was very low at off-site surveillance locations.As to the impacts of reactor neutron and photon direct radiation and air activation of Russian nuclear-powered cruise missile,reasonable evaluation index is chosen,and it is modeled and calculated using method based on GB 18871—2002.Result shows that,the effective dose of air activation is negligible comparing with that of neutron and photon direct radiation.If fission production leakage was unconsidered at this stage,for the Russian cruise missile powered by a 5 MW reactor as presumed,the effective dose of one flight at a point more than 80 meters away from the flight trace is lower than 50 mSv,which is the personnel annual effective dose limit in GB 18871—2002.