西方媒体框架桎梏下中国媒体话语权的建构——以“瑞典中国游客事件”为例

Ways of Constructing Chinese Media Discourse Power in the Shackles of Western Media Frames as Exemplified by an Event Involving Chinese Tourists in Sweden

建构国际媒体话语权对提升中国软实力和塑造国际形象有着重要的作用,然而中国的国际媒体话语一直以来都处于被西方媒体挤压和扭曲的弱势状态。为了探究其根源,本研究以框架理论为基础,通过对中西方新闻媒体中关于2018年9月发生的“瑞典中国游客事件”相关报道的话语分析和新闻框架效果进行对比,发现西方新闻媒体的框架体系更加成熟有效,他们在该事件中的“怀疑框架”和“解读框架”加深了西方受众对中国游客的偏见;而中国媒体缺乏应对国际事件的框架建构能力,所用的“弱者框架”和“谴责框架”没有充分考虑国际受众的接受程度,致使其展示的国际媒体话语没有足够的影响力与权威性。只有通过建构合适的框架、扩充和深化报道内容,才能在西方媒体的框架束缚中找到出路,有效建构中国国际媒体话语权。

The construction of international media discourse power plays an important role in enhancing China’s soft power and shaping its international image.However,China’s international media discourse has long been distorted by the Western media.Using Framing Theory to compare Western and Chinese news reports on an event involving Chinese tourists in Sweden in September 2018,this article probes media framing effects in Chinese and Western news media.The study finds that Western media is more effective in news framing,constructing frames like the“suspicion frame”and the“interpretation frame”for the event,which reinforced Western readers’stereotypes of Chinese tourists.Chinese media,however,failed to realize the significance of media framing.Their“weakness frame”and“condemnation frame”ignored the acceptance of international audiences and consequently failed to achieve media discourse influence and authority.This study shows that to enhance media effect,Chinese news media need to learn how to effectively express Chinese cultural ideas and improve the influence of discourse communication.They need to analyze in depth what kind of frames can break through the barriers of cognitive biases and stereotypes that exist between the West and China,exploring a way of arousing the empathy of Western audiences through effective media discourse.