温室三七收获机挖掘铲铲型对比研究

Comparison and selection of excavating shovel type of Panax notoginseng harvester in greenhouse

为降低三七收获机工作时能耗和阻力。研制两种收获三七挖掘铲,即二阶凹面挖掘铲和组合式挖掘铲。基于三七土壤物理特性,通过EDEM软件对两种挖掘铲作虚拟挖掘试验,分析挖掘铲所受阻力。仿真结果表明,二阶凹面挖掘铲挖掘阻力大于组合式挖掘铲。以挖掘铲作业速度、挖掘深度和入土角度为试验因素,挖掘铲阻力为试验指标,采用Design-Expert软件作试验设计,完成土槽挖掘试验。结果表明,组合式挖掘铲受到阻力较小,影响阻力因素由大到小为挖掘深度、作业速度、入土角,最优挖掘参数为:挖掘深度为30 cm;作业速度为0.6 m·s^-1;入土角为20°。组合式挖掘铲符合温室三七收获作业农艺要求,为温室三七收获机挖掘铲设计奠定基础。

This study reduced the rate of injury,reduced the energy consumption of the Panax notoginseng harvester and the resistance of the soil to the machine during the work.Discrete element simulation analysis and soil trough test of second-order concave excavation shovel and combined excavation shovel.Based on the physical characteristics of Panax notoginseng soil,a virtual excavation test was conducted on two excavating shovel through EDEM software to analyze the resistance of the excavating shovel.The simulation test results shown that the excavation resistance of the second-order concave shovel was greater than that of the combined shovel.Taking the operating speed,digging depth and soil entry angle of the shovel as the test factors,and the shovel resistance as the test index,the design was designed using Design-Expert software to complete the soil trench excavation test.The soil trench test results shown that the combined shovel received less resistance,and the factors affecting the resistance were from large to small digging depth,working speed and soil entry angle.The optimal digging parameters were:working speed was 0.6 m·s-1;digging depth was 30 cm;the entry angle was 20°.The combined excavating shovel met the agronomic requirements of the greenhouse Panax notoginseng harvesting operation,which laid the foundation for the design of the greenhouse Panax notoginseng harvesting machine shovel.