GNSS欺骗攻击综述

An overview of GNSS spoofing

全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)所提供的定位、导航、授时(PNT)能力已成为军用、民用领域内不可或缺的关键能力。随着电磁环境越来越呈现出复杂多变的特性,GNSS面临诸多现实威胁,其安全性问题备受关注。GNSS欺骗作为一种重要的电子攻击方式,具备隐蔽性强、破坏力大、技术成熟等特点,对GNSS安全性造成了很严重的影响。围绕GNSS欺骗这一主题,论述了GNSS的重要性和脆弱性,概述了GNSS电子对抗策略和GNSS欺骗基本原理,将GNSS欺骗大致分为3类,即信号处理级欺骗攻击、数据比特级欺骗攻击和基于预测的攻击,并对常见的GNSS欺骗类型进行了介绍,旨在形成对GNSS欺骗全面的理解和认识。

The positioning,navigation and timing capabilities provided by GNSS have become indispensable in the military and civilian fields. With the electromagnetic environment becoming more and more complex,GNSS faces a lot of real threats. Security issues of GNSS have attracted much attention. As an important electronic attack method,GNSS spoofing is concealed,destructive and has mature technologies,which can heavily impact the security of GNSS. Focusing on the topic of GNSS spoofing,a comprehensive understanding of GNSS spoofing is introduced. The importance and vulnerability of GNSS are discussed. Strategy of GNSS electronic attack and fundamental principle of GNSS spoofing are outlined. GNSS spoofing is roughly divided into three categories:signal processing level spoofing attack,data bit level spoofing attack and attack based on prediction. In addition,common types of GNSS spoofing attack are introduced.