规范性文件合法性的判断标准

On the Criterion of the Legality of Normative Documents

规范性文件合法性是规范性文件契合/不契合法律的二元属性。两者相契合的独特性可作为规范性文件合法性的判断标准。规范性文件和法律是不可操作的抽象概念,并不能直接判断前者是否契合后者。经转化规范性文件、细化法律成分后可以发现,规范性文件合法性的判断对象,实际上是关于立规主体地位、立规表意活动、立规意向内容和立规程序活动的四类事实;与之相应的判断依据则是四类立规规范。立规事实契合立规规范之处是立规规范蕴含的规定性事态,两者相契合的独特性即立规事实是立规规定性事态的例示。据此可确定,如果立规事实是(不是)立规规定性事态的例示,那么它们所构成的规范性文件合法(不合法)。此即规范性文件合法性判断的立规规定性事态例示标准。

The legality of normative documents enjoys binary nature concerning the conformity/inconformity of a normative document to laws. The uniqueness of the conformity between them may be taken as the criterion of the legality of a normative document. However, normative documents and laws are abstract concepts without operability, so it is impossible to directly judge whether the former is in conformity with the latter or not. It is found after transforming normative documents and detailing constituents of laws that the objects in determining the legality of normative documents are four kinds of facts, i.e. the status of the subject making a normative document, the expressive activity of making a normative document, the intended content of making a normative document and the procedural activity of making a normative document, thus the corresponding judging foundations are four kinds of rules on making a normative document. The conformity of the fact of making a normative document to the rule on making a normative document is the normative state contained in the rule on making a normative document, and the uniqueness of the conformity between them, i. e. the fact of making a normative document is the exemplification of normative state of making a normative document. Thus, it can be determined that if the fact of making a normative document is/isn’t the exemplification of normative state of making a normative document, the normative document constituted by them is legal/illegal. This is the criterion of exemplification of normative state of making a normative document in judging the legality of a normative document.