用对称性体认方式统一解释汉语平行结构和怪句——基于体认语言学的思考

A unified explanation of Chinese parallel structure and strange sentences by means of symmetrical embodied-cognitive strategy based on embodied-cognitive linguistics

认知语言学涉及到语言的体验性和人本性,但强调不够,我们据此发展出体认语言学,其核心原则为“现实—认知—语言”,语言是对现实进行互动体验和认知加工之后而形成的。现实世界(包括自然现象、人体、社会世界)中有很多对称现象,人类据此形成了对称性体认方式,它不仅影响到各民族的建筑、艺术、风俗、产品设计等,还影响到语言的结构和表达。由于汉语采用方块字,书写工整,一字一音,还有平仄、押韵,极易形成“对称”。学界常将其视为修辞现象,近来有人提出这也是一种语法手段,本文则认为“对称”也是人类的一种体认方式,它是形成语言中对称结构的认知理据,这也与Lakoff&Johnson的隐喻认知理论相符。英汉两民族将其映射为不同的语言表达。本文还认为可用对称体认方式来统一解释汉语怪句,以使语法理论更为简洁。

Cognitive linguistics has some concern about linguistic embodiment and humanism,but lack of their emphasis,thus we have developed“embodied-cognitive linguistics”,its kernel principle being“reality—cognition—language”,which means language is the product of cognition on reality.The real world(including natural phenomenon,human body and social world)has a lot of symmetry,thus forming symmetrical embodied-cognitive strategy,which has influenced architecture,art,custom,design etc.,and even linguistic structure and expression.Because the Chinese language uses square word calligraphy,one character has one syllable with level and oblique tones,rhyme etc.,all of which are very easy to form symmetry.Many scholars think of it as rhetoric,and some as grammatical device,but this paper regards it as a human embodied-cognitive strategy,which has also become a cognitive motivation for symmetrical structure in language.This explanation is also in line with the theory of cognitive metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson.The Chinese and British nations project this strategy into different expressions.This paper is also attempted to apply it to the unified explanation of Chinese strange expressions,thus our grammar theory will be much simpler.