政策成本、条条差异与政策扩散——以清远村民自治单元改革试点为例

Cost of Policy,Difference between the Lines and the Policy Diffusion in China——A Case Study of the Pilot Reform of the Villagers'Self-governing Units in Qingyuan

将地方经验选择性地纳入国家决策过程,这是中国政策制定过程的重要环节,也是中国经济快速发展的关键。地方进行政策试点得到中央认可,进一步修改后吸收到国家政策中,并加以推广。实践中,虽然一些政策试点得到中央政府的认可,却并没有在全国范围内大规模扩散。本文认为,中央认可是扩散的必要条件而非充分条件,政策试点的成本和政策采纳中条条块块冲突是影响政策能否扩散的主要因素。如“清远探索以农村社区、村民小组为单元的村民自治”虽然写入2014年、2015年、2016年三年的中央一号文件,形成了相关政策转化,但村民自治单元改革试点需要的高昂成本以及面临的政策采纳中条条块块冲突影响了该试点政策的扩散。

The selective integration of local experience into the national decision-making process is an important part of China's policy formulation process and a key to China's economic development miracle.With the support of the central government,local policies are piloted.When the pilot was approved by the senior government,it was further revised and absorbed into the national policy and promoted.In practice,although some policy pilots have been approved by the central government,they have not diffusion across the country.We believe that central recognition is a necessary condition rather than a sufficient condition,and the cost of policy pilots and the conflict of“block and line”during the policy adoption are the main factors affecting the diffusion of policies.For example,“Qingyuan’s exploration of villagers’self-government in the form of rural communities and villager groups”was written in the No.1 Document of the Central Committee in 2014,2015 and 2016,which formed the relevant policy transformation,but the villagers’self-governing unit with high cost of policy and the conflict of“block and line”during the policy adoption have affected the proliferation of this pilot.