中国P2P网络借贷行业的发展、问题与监管

A Study on the Development,Problems and Regulation of P2P Lending Industry in China

P2P网络借贷具有点对点直接借贷的特点和优势,是重要的普惠金融业务类型。从企业数量、整体秩序和监管政策的角度看,中国P2P网络借贷行业的发展经历了从无监管到严监管、严整治的过程。尽管目前网络借贷行业处于严厉整治阶段,多数企业难以满足合规要求,但行业发展前景良好,普惠金融服务的功能较强,如果进行适当监管,该行业有望实现稳健发展。文章总结了P2P网络借贷的基本特点和优势及其在中国的发展脉络和普惠金融贡献,梳理了该行业存在的问题及其成因,分析了政府的监管政策与不足之处,在此基础上结合国际经验提出促进中国P2P网络借贷行业稳健发展的政策建议。

P2P lending is an important inclusive finance business due to its special direct lending characteristics and advantages.The first P2P lending company in China was born in 2007.However,P2P,as an industry,has experienced many ups and downs in its development in terms of numbers and management,during which,it has gone through a process from being"wild"to being strictly standardized,and from being unsupervised to being strictly regulated and rectified.With a proper regulation,this industry is expected to achieve a sound development with a promising future and a profound function of providing inclusive financial services.This paper firstly summarizes the basic characteristics and advantages of P2P lending,its development in China and its contributions in providing inclusive financial services,and then it analyzes the illegal involvement in lending mediation business partially duo to the governments regulatory deficiencies.Finally it provides,based on the successful experiences abroad,some optional regulation policies so as to promote a sound development of P2P lending in China.