中晚唐关中地区的几种防秋兵述论

On Several Kinds of Autumn Defense Soldiers in Guanzhong Plainin the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty

中唐以降,随着王朝的衰落,西域、河陇失陷于吐蕃,帝国的根本关中受到严重的威胁,为有效遏阻其内犯并拱卫京师的安全,征召地方藩镇兵防秋于关中遂成必然之势。通过对关中防秋史料的钩沉,使用量化史学的研究方法,发现关中防秋的兵力主要源于五类军事集团。若就其频度而论,中原是防秋关中最为频繁的藩镇集团,南方藩镇次之,河北与关中藩镇又次之,西域与河陇的行营兵频次最低。诸军在其中的地位与作用,某种程度上与参与防秋及所持续的时间上存在密切的关联。若就单个藩镇考量,朔方军无疑是一骑绝尘的存在,随后则是中原的忠武与宣武,而中原的淮西、南方的淮南与河北的河东诸镇则又逊之,它们在唐代关中防秋中具有非常特殊的意义。

Since the Middle of the Tang Dynasty,with the Tang Dynasty falling,the Western Regions and Helong Region were occupied by the Tibetan Regime.The central and crucial area,Guanzhong Plain of the Great Tang Empire was seriously threatened.It was inevitable that the Central Government of the Tang Dynasty had to conscript soldiers from the local military governors as autumn defense soldiers in order to stop Tibetans’invasion and maintain the Capital City’s security as well.Based on the research method of the quantitative historiography and other related historical documents,it was found that the autumn defense soldiers in Guanzhong Plain mainly came from five groups of military governors.As for its frequentness,the Central China was the most frequent place to be guarded,the second was the Southern China,the third was Hebei Province and Guanzhong Plain,the last was the Western Regions and Helong Region.To some extent,their positions and roles were closely connected with their participation and duration in the autumn defense.In terms of a single military governor,Shuofang Army ranked the first,having surpassed all the soldiers in the Tang Dynasty,closely followed by those in Zhongwu and Xuanwu in the Central China,Huaixi in the Central China,Huainan in the South,those in the townships of Hedong in Hebei Province might be much inferior.These military governors were of special importance in the autumn defense in Guanzhong Plain in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty.