论《庄子·至乐》篇中的生死智慧

The Study of the Wisdom of Life and Death in Chuang Tzu’s Extreme Pleasure

庄子在《至乐》篇中辨析两种不同性质的快乐:纵于情欲官能的世俗形乐与安于自然恬淡的无为诚乐。“至乐活身”是庄子体验现实困苦与反思生命意义之后提出的理想境界,由此引发了他对人之生死的本质理解。在庄子看来,立足于“道”的本根性与“气”的本体性,人的生与死可以统一于宇宙的自然变化。面对“生”的有限与“死”的必然,庄子提出“顺适安命”与“以理化情”的生死超越路径。庄子的自然主义生死观对现代人生活品质的改善与提高具有重要的启迪作用,但也存在遮蔽“死”的社会价值、淡化“生”的意义、过度理智化等消极的一面。

Chaung Tzu distinguished between two kinds of happiness in Extreme Pleasurethe mundane pleasure of erotic feeling and the sincere pleasure of indifferent to fame or gain.The ideal state that Chuang Tzu proposed after he was experiencing the real hardship and reflecting on the meaning of life,thus it initiated his understanding of the essence of human life and death.According to Chuang Tzu,the life and death of human bebings can be unified in the natural change of the the universe based on the essence of“Tao”and“Qi”.In the face of the finiteness of“life”and the inevitability of“death”,Chuang Tzu proposed the way that the transcendence of life and death.Chuang Tzu’s naturalistic view of life and death has an important enlightening effect on the improvement of modern people’s quality of life,but there are also some negative aspects,such as covering up the social value of“death”,downplaying the signicance of“life”and overintellectulizing.