非人类免疫缺陷病毒感染患者肺孢子菌肺炎的临床研究进展

Clinical Research Progress of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Non-HIV Infected Immunodeficiency Patients

肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)是感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和(或)艾滋病患者最常见和最严重的机会性感染。近年来,由于免疫抑制剂的广泛使用及器官移植手术的开展,非HIV感染的免疫缺陷患者中PCP的发病率呈持续增长。关于PCP在非HIV感染的免疫功能缺陷人群中的研究也随之增多。该文主要就患有PCP的非HIV感染的免疫缺陷患者的流行病学、发病机制、CD4^+ T细胞计数识别PCP风险的意义及其诊断与治疗进行系统综述,并提出一些目前急需解决的主要问题和挑战,以期更好地了解非HIV感染的免疫功能缺陷患者并发PCP的临床研究进展。

Pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP)is the most common and severe opportunistic infection among patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and/or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).In recent years,the incidence rate of PCP has been increasing in immunodeficiency patients with non-HIV infection due to the wide use of immunosuppressive agents and the development of organ transplant operations.At the same time,studies on PCP in HIV-negative patients have also increased.The epidemiology,pathophysiology,the significance of CD 4^+T cell count in identifying PCP risk,and its diagnosis and treatment of PCP in HIV-negative patients were reviewed systematically.Some major problems and challenges,which urgently need to be solved,were put forward in order to better understand the clinical research progress of non-HIV patients complicated with PCP.