元代乡村基层治理中社长的职能探微

Research of the Duty of the Village Head in Yuan Dynasty

元代的村社制度是我国古代农村基层治理的一次制度革新,影响颇为深远。目前学界对于村社制度已经有多篇成果,内容各有侧重,但对社长的职责没有进行细致、深入、准确的探讨,而元代村社制度的核心恰恰集中于此。总体而言,社长的职能可以概括为“劝课农桑、察举奸良、定分止争”三个主要方面,这是在立法原意和社会实践互相补充的过程中所形成的,对于元代农村基层农业生产的恢复发展以及管理秩序的维护,都发挥着至关重要的作用。同时,在当今乡村振兴背景下,这一制度对于农村治理模式的构建和“乡贤治村”的推广,也具有十分重要的借鉴意义。

The village community system in the Yuan Dynasty was an institutional reform of rural grassroots governance in ancient China,which had a profound impact.The president is the leader in village,so the core of the system lies in the function of the president.In general,the responsibilities of the president can be summarized as the three main aspects of"persuading farmers,maintaining the order,mediating disputes."This is formed in the process of legislation and social practice combining with each other.It played a vital role in the restoration and development of rural grassroots agricultural production and the maintenance of management order in the Yuan Dynasty.It is an important cornerstone of the political power construction of the Yuan Dynasty.And this system also has a significant influence on the construction of our rural grassroots organization and rural sages in governance.