中国境外投资企业功能区位的空间格局及其演化

Spatial Pattern and Evolution of the Functional Location of China’s Foreign Investment Enterprises

基于1983—2018年中国境外投资企业(机构)名录数据,运用GIS空间分析工具,探讨了中国境外投资企业功能区位的空间格局及其演化规律。研究发现:中国境外投资企业发展经历了“萌芽—缓慢发展—迅猛发展—全方位发展”4个阶段,其演变过程与国家对外政策的调整存在密切联系。中国企业的境外扩张多数采用渐进式策略进入东道国,不同功能分支机构在区位选择上也存在明显的空间分异特征,后期“一带一路”沿线地区成为中国境外企业生产功能布局的集中区域。各功能重心轨迹呈现先大幅西进、后东西振荡的态势,东西方向偏移距离明显高于南北方向,整体上向西北方向移动,其中研发与商服功能重心偏移的差异性最大,体现出其空间区位要求的显著差异性。制度因素是影响中国境外投资企业区位选择的主导因素之一。

Based on the data of China’s overseas investment enterprises(institutions)directory during 1983—2018,using GIS spatial analysis tools,this paper has discussed the spatial pattern and evolution rules of China’s overseas investment enterprises.The research shows that the internationalization of Chinese enterprises have undergone 4 periods of“budding-slow development-apid development-allround development”,which were significantly correlated to institutional factors including government policy.Chinese ernterprises overseas expansion mainly progressive strategy to enter the host country,different functional branches have obvious spatial differentiation characteristics in location selection.The area along“the Belt and Road”initiative has become a concentrated area of production function layout of China’s foreign investment enterprises.Center of gravity transfer trajectory of all function present the trend of“first greatly westward movement and then east-west shift”,the distance of the direction of the east-west direction is obviously higher than the north to south,on the whole,they are moving to the northwest.Among them,R&D and business service function contribute the largest difference at their own center of gravity shift,which reflects the significant difference of its spatial location choice.Institutional factors are the main factors that affect the location choice of China’s overseas investment enterprises.