中国能源扶贫40年及效果评价

China Energy Poverty Alleviation for Forty Years and Its Effects Evaluation

能源扶贫政策是我国扶贫政策的重要组成部分。中国能源扶贫政策40年的演变是紧密围绕不同阶段能源发展水平进行调整和完善的。能源扶贫目标也从初期的“能源可及”,逐级跃升实现了“用得上电”“用得起电”“用上好电”“利用好电”。现阶段,中国农村地区能源可及得到根本性解决,用能综合水平得到较大提升。但长期来看,我国不同地区用能水平和用能效率还存在较大差异,仍有进步的空间;能源禀赋条件也意味着用能结构有待进一步优化;从“利用好能源”来看,如何建立能源开发利用扶贫的长效机制值得深入探讨。

Energy poverty alleviation policy is an important part of country’s poverty alleviation policy.The evolution of China’s energy poverty alleviation policy has been closely adjusted and improved around the energy development levels of different stages over the past 40 years.The goal of energy poverty alleviation has also gradually increased from the initial“energy availability”to“can use electricity”→“affordable electricity”→“use clean energy”→“use electricity well”.At this stage,energy access has been fundamentally resolved,the comprehensive level of energy use has been greatly improved.However,in the long run,there are still large differences in energy consumption levels and efficiency in different regions,and there is still room for improvement.Energy endowment conditions also mean that the energy consumption structure needs to be further optimized.And how to establish a longterm mechanism for energy development and utilization of poverty alleviation is worthy of in-depth discussion from the perspective of using energy well.