全球公民社会视角下环境非政府组织对联合国作用的影响

The influence of environmental non-governmental organization on the United Nations from the Perspective of global civil society

全球公民社会代表了超越只关注自身利益的国家体系并可服务于跨国公共利益的一个领域,在当全球化问题导致政府与市场出现双重失灵时,它能够作为有别于政府和市场的“第三部门”发挥独特的作用。环境非政府组织作为全球市民社会的重要组成部分,它积极参与影响联合国的决策、监督条约决议的落实、协助开展执行工作、提升公众环保意识,对联合国在环境领域的主导作用产生了积极、深远的影响。但环境非政府组织有意挑战主权国家权威、缺乏监管协调机制以及受制于西方话语权的价值取向等矛盾问题,对联合国作用的发挥产生了消极影响。因此,联合国应当充分重视环境非政府组织的作用,完善经社理事会的咨商制度,加强对其的监督管理,搭建与主权国家沟通合作桥梁,引导其健康有序发展,使它们能够在联合国的体制框架内,更好地发挥合作者的作用,共同推动全球环境治理体系建设。

The global civil society represents an area beyond the national system that only cares about its own interests.It can serve the transnational public interests.When the problems of globalization lead to the dual failures of government and market,it can play a unique role as a“third sector”,different from the government and market.As an important part of the global civil society,environmental non-governmental organizations actively participate in influencing the decision-making of the United Nations,monitoring the implementation of treaties,resolutions,and assisting in the implementation,which has a positive and far-reaching impact on the leading role of the United Nations in the field of environment.However,environmental non-governmental organizations deliberately challenge the authority of the state,lack of coordination and supervision mechanism,and subject to the value orientation of Western discourse power,which have a negative impact on the role of the United Nations.Therefore,the United Nations should pay full attention to the role of ENGOs,improve the consultation system of counseling,strengthen its supervision and management,guide their healthy and orderly development,so that they can play a better role of partners within the institutional framework of the United Nations,and jointly promote the construction of global environmental governance system.