多方共治环境污染社会机制研究——来自美国多方共治固废污染的启示

Research on social mechanism with multi-party governance on environment pollution——Implications from the United States’multi-party governance on solid waste pollution

20世纪下半叶,美国经济高速发展,固体废物污染事件频发,严重破坏环境。同时期,美国逐步形成以环保法律法规为核心,政府、企业、环保组织和公众四大社会主体参与,相互促进,共同治理环境的社会机制。美国在环保社会机制有效运转作用下,不断完善固废法律法规,政府严格行政执法,企业积极履行环保责任,环保组织、公众强化环保监督作用,至20世纪末基本控制固废污染。我国目前提出构建现代环境治理体系,强调多方共治。美国多方共治固废污染经验为深刻理解政策内涵提供了参考。

In the second half of the 20th century,with the rapid economic development,the United States’solid waste pollution events occurred frequently which seriously damaged the environment.During the same period,the United States gradually formed a social mechanism in which environmental protection laws and regulations as the core,with the participation of four major social subjects,namely,the government,enterprises,environmental protection organizations and the public,promoting each other and jointly managing the environment.Under the effective operation of environmental protection social mechanism in the United States,the solid waste laws and regulations were constantly improved,government strictly enforced administrative law,enterprises actively performed environmental protection responsibilities,environmental protection organizations and the public strengthened the role of environmental protection supervision.By the end of the 20th century,solid waste pollution was basically controlled.At present,China proposes to build a modern environmental governance system,emphasizing multi-party governance.The experience of the United States in the treatment of solid waste pollution provides a reference for the deep understanding of policy connotation.