科创企业能力及制度组态效应对产品与流程创新的影响路径对比:基于企业生命周期的QCA分析

Comparing Path of Impact of Capability and Institutional Configuration Effect on Product and Process Innovation of Science and Technology Enterprises:QCA Analysis Based on Enterprise Life Cycle

产品创新与流程创新在组织创新中分别发挥着硬性能力和软性制度的创新驱动作用,但现有文献鲜有对其差异进行分析。以400余家科创企业为调研对象,基于企业生命周期视角,从制度层面与能力层面探讨产品创新、流程创新驱动要素及驱动路径差异。研究结果显示:①科创企业初创期产品创新驱动路径分为授权主导型和职业-容错主导型,且后者更能促进产品创新;发展期产品创新驱动路径分为绩效评估主导型、授权主导型、职业-学习主导型、容错-学习主导型,其中,绩效评估主导型更能增进产品创新;成熟期产品创新驱动路径分为绩效评估主导型、容错主导型、授权-学习主导型,且授权-学习主导型更能增进产品创新;②科创企业初创期流程创新驱动路径仅有容错主导型;发展期流程创新的驱动路径仅有绩效-职业-学习主导型;成熟期流程创新驱动路径分为绩效-学习主导型和职业-容错主导型,且后者更能增进流程创新;③产品创新与流程创新驱动路径在初创期具有容错共性;发展期在绩效评估、职业发展与学习能力方面具有共性;成熟期在绩效评估、容错能力与学习能力方面具有共性。

Product innovation and process innovation play an innovative driving role in organizational innovation,but few existing literatures have analyzed their differences.Based on the perspective of enterprise life cycle,this study aims to explore the differences of driving factors and paths between product and process innovation from the aspects of system and capability.The results show that the driving path of product innovation in start-up stage of science and technology enterprises can be divided into empowerment-oriented and career-fault-tolerant-oriented,and the latter can better promote product innovation;the driving path of product innovation in development stage can be divided into performance evaluation-oriented,empowerment-oriented,career-learning-oriented and fault-tolerant-learning-oriented,and in these four driving paths,performance evaluation-oriented path can be better enhance product innovation.The driving path of product innovation in mature stage is divided into performance evaluation-oriented,fault-tolerant-oriented and empowerment-learning-oriented,and empowerment-learning-oriented can be better promote product innovation.The driving path of process innovation in start-up stage is fault-tolerant-oriented;the driving path of process innovation in development stage is performance-career-learning-oriented;the driving path of process innovation in mature stage is performance-learning-oriented and career-fault-tolerant-oriented,and the latter can better promote process innovation.The common driving paths of product and process innovation are fault-tolerant-oriented in the initial stage,performance evaluation,career development and learning ability in the development stage,and performance evaluation,fault-tolerant ability and learning ability in the mature stage.