圆筒形高压容器球形封头与筒体两种常用焊接方式选型探讨

DISCUSSION ON THE TWO TYPE SELECTION OF SPHERICAL HEAD WELDING WITH CYLINDER WALL OF CYLINDRICAL HIGH PRESSURE VESSEL

圆筒形高压容器设计封头常选用球形封头,封头壁厚小于筒体壁厚很多,焊接常采用内径对齐焊接或者中径对齐焊接两种方式焊接,为了解两种常用焊接方式应力分布情况,利用有限元分析软件对算例进行数值模拟分析,通过计算结果分析,笔者建议一般情况下,在容器没有盛装腐蚀介质或存在疲劳等工况要求时,宜选用中径对齐焊接方式;若考虑容器盛装腐蚀介质或存在疲劳工况,避免内壁表面存在腐蚀或疲劳应力集中情况,此时建议选用内径对齐焊接方式。

Designing high pressure vessel,usually select spherical head,the thickness of head is much less than the thickness of cylinder wall.The connection usually adopts two ways:inner diameter aligned connection or middle diameter aligned connection.In order to understand the stress distribution of the two kinds of connection,the finite element analysis software is used to carry out numerical simulation analysis on the calculation examples.Through the analysis of the calculation results,the author suggests that,in general,when the vessel is not filled with corrosive medium or there is fatigue working conditions,the middle diameter aligned welding method should be selected;if the vessel is filled with corrosive medium or there is fatigue working condition,to avoid the corrosion or fatigue stress concentration on the inner wall surface,the inner diameter aligned welding method is recommended.