认知资源对不同感觉寻求者风险决策的调节

Cognitive Resources Modulate Decision Making under Risk among Different Levels of Sensation Seekers

本研究采用GDT+n-back双任务范式,考察认知资源和感觉寻求对风险决策的影响。实验采用3(认知资源:高/中/低)×2(感觉寻求:高/低)被试间设计。结果发现,低感觉寻求组中,低认知资源条件下的风险决策绩效显著高于高(或中)认知资源条件下的绩效;而高感觉寻求组中,风险决策绩效在三种认知资源条件下无显著差异。结果表明,低感觉寻求者风险决策在认知资源不足时表现出直觉加工优势;而高感觉寻求者风险决策没有直觉加工优势。

Although most of the researchers believe that the intuitive-experience system is the cause of various irrational biases in decision-making,there are more and more researchers who emphasize the advantages of the intuitive-experience system.Previous studies used GDT+n-back dual-task paradigm to explore the relationship between intuitive-experience system and rational-analytical system in decision-making under risk.However,the results had certain contradictions.Some research found that the decision-making performance had been improved when decision-making is accompanied with an n-back task,indicating that there was an advantage of intuitive processing when cognitive resources were limited.Whereas some research found that the decision-making performance had been impaired when decision-making is accompanied with an n-back task,indicating that there was no advantage of intuitive processing when cognitive resources were limited.In the current study,we believe that sensation-seeking explains such differences in decision-making.Many studies have shown that there is a relationship between sensation-seeking and individual differences in decision-making.High sensation-seekers rely more on emotional heuristics for risk judgement.Thus,the present research aims to explore whether cognitive resources modulate decision-making under risk among different levels of sensation-seekers.According to the scores of sensation-seeking questionnaires,150 of 1386 college students were selected to participate in the experiment.There were 75 people(29 males and 46 females)in the low sensation-seeking group,with an average age of 21.56±1.88.There were 75 people(23 males and 52 females)in the high sensation-seeking group,with an average age of 20.83±1.48.The experiment employed a 3(cognitive resources:high/medium/low)×2(sensation-seeking:high/low)between-subjects design.We used n-back task to manipulate cognitive resources.The high level of cognitive resources referred to those who finished single GDT task;The medium level of cognitive resources referred to those who finished GDT+1-back task;And the low level of cognitive resources referred to those who finished GDT+2-back task.The specific manipulation procedure was as follows:Firstly,according to the scores of sensation-seeking questionnaires,participants were divided into low(the first 20%and scores below 38)and high(the last 20%and scores higher 52)sensation seeking groups.Then,participants were randomly divided into three decision groups(GDT,GDT+1-back,and GDT+2-back).Each group included 50 people.Gender,age,and sensation-seeking were all counterbalanced across three different decision-making groups.Participants in each condition were instructed to conduct the specific decision-making task(GDT/GDT+1-back/GDT+2-back).In the formal experiment,each group completed three rounds of the corresponding decision-making task.Each round of task included 18 trials of decision-making.After completing each round,the subjects had enough time to rest.(1)In the low level sensation-seeking group,the GDT performance is improved when decision-making is accompanied with an 2-back task,but not with a 1-back task,indicating that there is an advantage of intuitive processing when cognitive resources is limited;(2)In the high level sensationseeking group,there is no significant difference in the GDT,indicating that there is no advantage of intuitive processing.The advantage of intuitive processing in decision-making under risk relies both on cognitive resources and sensation-seeking of decision-makers.