19世纪末20世纪初俄国城市基础设施建设

The Construction of Russian Urban Infrastructure in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century

19世纪末20世纪初俄国政治、经济和文化领域发生巨大变革,在经济快速发展的同时,俄国城市化水平不断提高,俄国城市基础设施也不断完善。促进俄国城市基础设施不断完善的因素诸多,其中工商业发展、交通运输发展和城市自治机构诞生发挥了重要作用。俄国城市基础设施不断完善主要体现在城市路况日趋完善、交通和通讯设施不断发展、城市基础设施水平提升等方面。城市基础设施水平不断提高是城市规模不断扩大的基础,交通和通讯设施不断完善是衡量城市化水平的重要指标之一,而城市道路路况逐渐好转是城市基础设施水平提高的保障。19世纪末20世纪初俄国城市面貌焕然一新,虽因俄国各城市经济、社会和文化水平各异,城市基础设施建设所取得的成就有限,但城市基础设施的不断完善对俄国现代化进程仍产生了深远影响。

The end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century witnessed great changes in Russian politics,economy and culture.With the rapid development of the economy,the level of urbanization continued to rise and the urban infrastructure in Russia continued to improve.Many factors contributed to this continuous improvement of urban infrastructure in Russia,in which the progress of industry and commerce was the driving force of urban expansion,the development of transportation promoted the expansion of urban scale,and the city autonomous institutions also played an essential role.The improvement of urban infrastructure in Russia was mainly reflected in the increasingly perfect urban road condition and the continuous development of traffic and communication facilities.The improvement of urban infrastructure is the basis for the continuous expansion of urban scale.Meanwhile,the continuous improvement of traffic and communication facilities is one of the important indicators to measure the level of urbanization,and the gradual improvement of urban road traffic is the guarantee for the improvement of urban infrastructure.Due to the imbalanced economic,social and cultural levels among Russian cities,the achievements in urban infrastructure construction were limited.However,Russian cities took on a new look at the turn of the 20th century and the continuous improvement of urban infrastructure still had far-reaching consequences.