脱氮除磷益生菌对养殖尾水处理的研究进展

Review on the treatment of aquaculture wastewater by probiotics in removing nitrogen and phosphorus

随着我国水产养殖业的迅速发展,养殖尾水污染问题日益严重。益生菌能够高效去除氮磷以改善水环境,抑制有害藻菌增殖,提高水产动物免疫力,目前已被广泛应用到水产养殖领域。对高浓度氮磷对水产动物的毒害机理、益生菌及其脱氮除磷原理、益生菌净化养殖尾水等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并在此基础上指出益生菌脱氮除磷研究中存在问题和发展方向,旨在为益生菌下一步的研究和应用提供参考。

China is the largest country in production and consumption of aquatic products in the world.In 2016,the total output of aquatic products reached 69.0125 million tons,of which the aquaculture output was 51.4239 million tons,accounting for 74.51%of the total output.In order to meet the growing demands for aquatic products,high-density and intensive aquaculture mode is coming into the mainstream.However,there are many problems behind the considerable data.The content of nitrogen and phosphorus exceeds the standard limit,and the disease is frequent.Moreover,the wastewater discharged arbitrarily leads to the eutrophication of fishery water and the imbalance of water ecosystem.In essence,this is contrary to the original intention of the sustainable and healthy development of aquaculture.Probiotic is a kind of living bacteria preparation and microbial fermentation products isolated from the host body,which have beneficial effects by regulating the balance of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of cultured animals.In addition,probiotics have been widely used in aquaculture because of their many functions,such as improving water environment,inhibiting the proliferation of harmful algae,improving the immunity of aquatic animals and so on.Common aquatic probiotics include photosynthetic bacteria,bacillus,nitrifying bacteria.In this paper,the related contents of nitrogen and phosphorus removal by probiotics are reviewed,including the toxic mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus exceeding the standard to aquatic animals,the development of probiotics and the principle of nitrogen and phosphorus removal,the research progress of probiotics in purifying water quality and the existing problems and suggestions for the future,to provide the basis for the future research direction and scientific application of probiotics.