肠道菌群代谢产物短链脂肪酸在慢性肾脏病中的研究进展

Advances in research on formation of short chain fatty acids by gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease

近年来研究发现肾脏与肠道微生态间存在密切的联系,称为"肠-肾轴"。慢性肾脏病患者(CKD)由于各种因素往往导致肠道生态失调,表现为肠道菌群种类的相对丰度、组成及其代谢产物发生改变。肠道菌群代谢产物短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)是联系宿主和肠道菌群的重要中介物质,具有生物学效应。研究发现SCFAs主要通过与G蛋白偶联受体结合,抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶调节RAS系统、炎症反应和细胞自噬等,起到延缓肾脏炎症和纤维化的作用。基于SCFAs与肾脏之间的紧密联系,SCFAs可能成为慢性肾脏病治疗的新靶点。外源性补充SCFAs能延缓CKD发生和发展的作用逐渐受到认可。因此,进一步研究SCFAs在肾脏方面的具体作用机制尤为重要。

Recent research finds an intimate connection between the kidney and the gut microbiome,which has been called the gut-kidney axis.CKD patients often develop intestinal dysbiosis due to various factors,which is characterized by changes in the abundance,composition and metabolites of gut microbiota.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),which are metabolites derived from gut microbiota fermentation,seem to be the link between microbiota and host homeostasis.SCFAs also have biological effects.Studies reveal that SCFAs play an important role in preventing progression of renal inflammation and fibrosis through regulation of renin angiotensin system,inflammation,and autophagy,etc.An intimate connection between SCFAs and kidney has been revealed,suggesting that SCFAs may act as new therapeutic targets of chronic kidney disease.It is becoming increasingly accepted that exogenously administered SCFAs may be beneficial to kidney.It is significant to identify the precise mechanisms of SCFAs in host(patho)physiology.