清华简《筮法》劳罗二卦与水火取象探究

On the Correlation of Trigram Kan with Fire and Trigram Li with Water in the Shifa Chapter in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

清华简《筮法》篇中坎(劳)为火、离(罗)为水,这和通行的认识刚好相反。《说卦传》存在坎卦属阳、离卦属阴但坎卦取象水、离卦取象火的矛盾,而《筮法》坎(劳)为火、离(罗)为水则可以规避这一矛盾。章太炎从文字学角度对“离”可象火、“坎”可象水的论证有缺陷,事实上,“劳”与火的关联更密切。八经卦在与风雷、水火等形象的搭配上,以卦中唯一的阳爻或阴爻象征事物的本体,以余下的二阴爻或二阳爻象征事物所处的境遇,《筮法》坎(劳)为火、离(罗)为水更契合这一规律。《筮法》的思维可能比《说卦传》早出。

In the Shifa(Method of Divination)Chapter inscribed on bamboo slips collected by Tsinghua University,Kan(Lao)[■]is associated with fire and Li(Luo)[■]with water,which is just the opposite of the received correlation.In the Shuogua zhuan(Discussion of the Trigrams),there is a contradiction that Kan[■]belongs to yang but is associated with water and Li is attributed to yin but is associated with fire.However,the Shifa Chapter,which treated Kan(Lao)as fire and Li(Luo)as water,can avoid this contradiction.From philological perspectives,the argument of Zhang Taiyan(1869-1936),that Li[■]can represent fire and Kan[■]has the image of water,has deficiencies,in that Lao[■]is actually more closely related to fire.On associations of the eight trigrams,the one yang[■]or yin[■]line symbolizes the conceptual body of things,and the remaining two yin or two yang lines symbolize the situation.Taking Kan(Lao)[■]as fire and Li(Luo)[■]as water in the Shifa Chapter fits this law more closely and the thought in this chapter seems to have come out earlier than that in the Shuogua zhuan.