从卦变到成卦——李之才、邵雍易学再认识

From Transformation of Hexagrams to Formation of Hexagrams:Re-evaluation of Li Zhicai and Shao Yong’s Scholarship on the Changes

李之才以卦变名家,其相生卦变与反对卦变以专言象数、不释文辞为原则,对此前致力于解说卦爻辞的卦变传统作了根本改造,对旧有传统辗转相生、两爻相易的卦变方法也有调整。李之才传人邵雍罕言卦变,前人对邵雍易学中所谓卦变内容的认识多出误解。邵雍罕言卦变的根本原因在于卦变说以乾坤为本的理论前提存在困难。通过提出一分为二的成卦学说,邵雍将阴阳确立为根本,将乾坤还原为诸卦,确立了不同于卦变说的理论前提。这一改造实现了对卦变说的奠基与兼容,成卦与卦变被整合入邵雍伏羲之易与文王之易的易学体系之中。

Li Zhicai(1001-1045)was famous for his study of hexagram changes.In his theories of generative hexagram changes and inverted hexagram changes,Li Zhicai put forward the principle that transformation of hexagrams should strictly focus on images instead of interpretation of hexagram and line statements,by which he sharply reshaped the long-lasting statement-centered tradition.Li Zhicai’s theory also modified the methods of hexagram transformation resulting from generation of Qian[■]and Kun[■]and displacement of yin and yang lines.As Li Zhicai’s disciple,Shao Yong(1012-1077)surprisingly paid little attention to hexagram changes and former scholars tend to misunderstand the so-called hexagram changes contents in Shao Yong’s scholarship on the Changes.The fundamental reason Shao Yong rarely spoke of hexagram changes is that,according to Shao Yong,the premise of Qian[■]and Kun[■]as the root that generated other hexagrams was problematic.By putting forward his theory of yi fen wei er一分为二(one divided into two)to interpret the formation of hexagrams,Shao Yong set up yin and yang as the basis and reduced Qian[■]and Kun[■]into ordinary hexagrams,which established a new presupposition different from the theory of hexagram changes.Thanks to this creative work,hexagram changes theory and formation theory could be compatibly integrated into Shao Yong’s scholarship on the Changes including his discourses on Fu Xi’s Former Heaven and King Wen’s Later Heaven sequences.