基于细胞/细胞外囊泡的药物递送系统研究进展

Research Advances in Drug Delivery System Based on Cell or Extracellular Vesicles

基于细胞/细胞外囊泡的药物递送系统以天然微粒为载体,将细胞、细胞外囊泡或分离纯化后的细胞膜涂覆在药物表面,是近年来兴起的一种极具发展潜力的药物递送系统。细胞和细胞外囊泡是内源性的,具有良好的生物相容性、低免疫原性和低毒性。鉴于其宿主特性,它们还具有良好的靶向性。此外,以细胞/细胞外囊泡为载体来递送化学、基因等药物能够改善其水溶性差、毒性大等问题从而改善药效。针对中药以及中药活性成分溶解性差、生物利用度低,该递送系统的发展为其应用提供了巨大的潜力。从细胞和细胞外囊泡着手,主要从其生理学功能和作为药物载体的独特优势两方面综述了基于细胞/细胞外囊泡的药物递送系统的最新研究进展。

The drug delivery systems(DDSs)based on cells or extracellular vesicles(EVs),taking natural particles as carriers,and covering EVs,the cell or purified cell membrane on the surface of drug,are emerging DDSs with great development potential in recent years.The cells and EVs are endogenous,with good biocompatibility,low immunogenicity and toxicity.Due to host characteristics,they also afford desirable targeting ability.In addition,using cells/extracellular vesicles as carriers to deliver chemical,genetic drugs could solve poor water solubility,high toxicity and other problems,and improve efficacy.In particular,Chinese medicine and its active ingredients had poor solubility and low bioavailability,the development of this delivery system could provide great potential for their application.This review presented an overview of the latest advances in DDSs based on cells or EVs from two aspects:their physiological functions and unique advantages as drug carrier.